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The St. Lawrence Watershed

Everything in two countries whose water reaches the St. Lawrence below Lake Ontario: the Ottawa, the Saint-Maurice, the Saguenay, the Richelieu out of Lake Champlain, and the shores of the estuary as far as the Gulf. The gold line is the divide. At its western end is the Seaway, a staircase of seven locks that lifts a ship — metres from Montreal to Lake Ontario, cut around five sets of rapids that made the last stretch of the continent’s greatest waterway a wall.
—miles of stream
—lakes & ponds
—square miles

The biggest river here is not from here

The St. Lawrence crosses at Cape Vincent already carrying — miles of stream off — square kilometres of Great Lakes basin, none of it drawn on this map. Everything the basin below adds is — miles. So the trunk is not measured here, it is flagged: every reach with Lake Ontario above it is drawn at the top of the scale, where it belongs. The lake at the western edge is dimmed for the same reason — it is water arriving, not water this basin collects.

Why the streams thicken

a first springthe Richelieu

Every stream is drawn as wide as the water above it. NHD ships a stream order that is null across most of this basin, so the network was rebuilt by snapping — reaches end to end and accumulating length downhill.

Two countries, two surveys

— mi United StatesCanada — mi

The American side is USGS’s NHD High Resolution, three subregions of it. Canada is Canada’s own National Hydro Network, — Water Survey work units of it, said in NHD’s vocabulary so that a reach in Quebec and a reach in New York go through the same code and come out drawn the same way. Both surveys will happily draw the other’s country, and letting them would draw a thousand kilometres of border twice in two different hands. So the seam is the border itself, which is at least a real line on the ground.

Where it ends, and why

In the east the divide stops at Pointe-des-Monts, where the estuary becomes the Gulf. Past there the Romaine, the Natashquan and the Lower North Shore drain to a sea rather than to a river, and they are a different map. In the west it stops at Lake Ontario, on purpose: the Great Lakes are a third of a continent draining in, and they already have a sheet of their own. Everything between those two lines is here, both banks, all the way out.

Biggest by the miles above them

    A river that the border runs down is listed once, not twice: the Richelieu is Rivière Richelieu above Saint-Jean and Richelieu River below Rouses Point, and the two are folded together here. A name has to carry ten miles of channel of its own to make the list at all, which is what keeps a two-mile brook out of it when GNIS hangs its name on a reach of the river it runs into.

    Get it at print size, 30 by 24 inches The lake this river comes out of The same map of all five lakes
    Divide: USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset (HUC4 0429, 0430, 0431) and Canada’s Water Survey sub-sub-drainage areas. Water: USGS NHD High Resolution in the United States, the National Hydro Network in Canada. The trunk where neither draws it, and the works: OpenStreetMap. Lock lifts: The Canadian Encyclopedia. Relief © Esri. © Ryan Sajdak 2026 · ☕ Coffee